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Complete Endnotes from The V Book

[ Chapters 1-4 ] [ Chapters 5-7 ] [ Chapters 8-10 ] [ Chapters 11-13 ]
[ Chapters 14-15 ] [ Chapters 16-17 ] [ Chapters 18-19 ] [ Chapters 20-22 ]

Key To Journal Abbreviations

If you're interested in doing further research, the following is a list of medical journals I have cited in this text along with their abbreviations for easy reference. Some of these journals can be accessed for free online at the websites I've provided below (others require a paid subscription).

Chapter 8: Now What?

  1. J. T. Allen-Davis, Why we can't diagnose based on symptoms alone, OBG Management, 1998 November suppl:2–5.

Chapter 9: The Ideal V Exam

  1. S. L. Hillier, Improving the diagnosis of vaginal complaints, OBG Management, 1998 November suppl:6–11.
  2. C. Northrup, Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom (New York: Bantam, 1998), 283.
  3. J. N. Kreiger, M. R. Tam, C. E. Stevens, et al., Diagnosis of trichomoniasis: comparison of conventional wet-mount examination with cytologic studies, cultures and monoclonal antibody staining of direct specimens, JAMA 1988:259:1223–27.
  4. D. S. Guzick, Efficacy of screening for cervical cancer: a review, Am J Public Health 1978:68:125.
  5. H. J. Soost, H. J. Lange, W. Lehmacher, B. Ruffling-Kullmann, The validation of cervical cytology: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, Acta Cytologica 1991:35:8.
  6. M. T. Fahey, L. Irwig, P. Macaskill, Meta-analysis of Pap test accuracy, Am J Epidemiol 1995:141:680; K. Nanda, D. C. McCrory, E. R. Myers, et al., Accuracy of the Papanicolaou test in screening for and follow-up of cervical cytologic abnormalities: a systematic review, Ann Intern Med 2000:132:810.
  7. K. D. Hatch, N. F. Hacker, Intraepithelial disease of the cervix, vagina, and vulva, in Novak's Gynecology, J. S. Berek, E. Y. Adashi, P. A. Hillard, eds. (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996), 447.
  8. N. August, Cervicography for evaluating the "atypical" Papanicolaou smear, J Reprod Med 1991:36:89.
  9. Northrup, Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom.
  10. D. E. D. Jones, W. T. Creasman, R. A. Dombroski, et al., Evaluation of the atypical Pap smear, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987:157:544.
  11. M. Borst, C. E. Butterworth, V. Baker, et al., Screening for women with atypical Pap smears, J Reprod Med 1991:36:95.
  12. B. B. Bennett, K. Takezawa, E. J. Wilkinson, et al., Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance and other glandular abnormalities in a high risk population, J Lower Genit Tract Dis 1998:2(3):132; G. Eddy, B. Strumpf, E. Wljtowycz, C. T. Piraino, M. T. Mazur, Biopsy findings in five hundred thirty-one patients with atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance as defined by the Bethesda system, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997:177(5):1188.
  13. J. S. Noumoff, Atypia in cervical cytology as a risk factor for intraepithelial neoplasia, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987:156:628.
  14. G. J. van Oortmarssen, J. D. F. Habbema, Epidemiologic evidence for age-dependent regression of preinvasive cervical cancer, Br J Cancer 1991:64:559.
  15. Hatch, Intraepithelial disease of the cervix, vagina, and vulva.
  16. K. Naisell, V. Roger, M. Nasiell, Behavior of mild cervical dysplasia during long-term follow-up, Obstet Gynecol 1986:5:665.
  17. K. Syrjanen, V. Kataja, M. Yliskoski, et al., Natural history of cervical human papillomavirus lesions does not substantiate the biologic relevance of the Bethesda system, Obstet Gynecol 1992:79:675–821
  18. Hatch, Intraepithelial disease of the cervix, vagina, and vulva.

Chapter 10: Yeast Infections

  1. D. G. Ferris, J. Hendrich, P. M. Payne, et al., Office laboratory diagnosis of vaginitis: clinician-performed tests compared with a rapid nucleic acid hybridization test, J Fam Pract 1995:31(6):575–81.
  2. R. Hurley, Recurrent Candida infection, Clin Obstet Gynecol 1981:8:209–13.
  3. F. C. Odds, Candida and Candidosis (London: Balliere Tindall, 1988).
  4. R. Skowronski, D. Feldman, Characterisaton of an estrogen binding protein in the yeast Candida albicans, Endocrinology 1989:124:1965–72; B. L. Powell, D. I. Druta, Estrogen receptor in Candida albicans: a possible explanation for hormonal influences in vaginal candidiasis, in Program and Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, 1983), abstr. 751, 222.
  5. O. S. Kinsman, K. Pitblado, C. J. Coulson, Effect of mammalian steroid hormones and luteinising hormone on the germination of Candida albicans and implications for vaginal candidiasis, Mycoses 1988:31:617–26.
  6. J. D. Sobel, A comprehensive strategy for managing recurrent VVC, ObG Management 1998 Aug:suppl:14.
  7. A. J. E. Barlow, T. Aldersley, F. W. Chattaway, Factors present in serum and seminal plasma which promote germ-tube formation and mycelial growth of Candida albicans, J Gen Microbiol 1974:82:261.
  8. J. D. Sobel, G. Muller, H. R. Buckley, Critical role of germ tube formation in the pathogenesis of candidal vaginitis, Infect Immun 1984:576.
  9. S. S. Witkin, Failure of sperm-induced immunosuppression: association with antisperm antibodies in women, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989:68:696.
  10. L. J. Douglas, Mannoprotein adhesions of Candida albicans, in New Strategies in Fungal Diseases, J. E. Bennett, R. J. Hay, P. K. Peterson, eds. (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1992), 34–53.
  11. N. Friedreich, Uber das constante vorkommen von plezen bei diabetischen, Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Virchow 1864:30:477.
  12. J. D. Sobel, Recurrent candidiasis and "malcarbohydrate metabolism," Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998:179(2):557–58.
  13. J. D. Sobel, P. G. Myers, D. Kaye, et al., Adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal and buccal epithelial cells, J Infect Dis 1981:143:76.
  14. B. J. Horowitz, S. W. Edelstein, L. Lippman, Sugar chromatography studies in recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis, J Reprod Med 1984:29(7):441–43.
  15. W. G. Crook, The Yeast Connection, 3rd ed. (Jackson, Tenn.: Professional Books, 1986).
  16. B. B. Jorgensen, Bakers yeast allergy in candidiasis patients, J Adv Med 1994:7(1):43.
  17. J. D. Sobel, Epidemiology and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985:152:924.
  18. J. E. Edwards Jr., Candida species, in Principles and Practices of Infectious Diseases, 3rd ed., G. L. Mandell, R. G. Douglas, J. E. Bennett, eds. (New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990), 1943–48.
  19. A. Spinillo, E. Capuzzo, S. Acciano, et al., Effect of antibiotic use on the prevalence of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999:180:14.
  20. B. Foxman, The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: risk factors, AJPH 1990:80(3):329–31.
  21. H. C. Gugnani, F. K. Nzelibe, P. C. Gini, et al., Incidence of yeasts in pregnant and nonpregnant women in Nigeria, Mycoses 1987:32:131–34; C. J. Carroll, R. Hurley, V. D. Stanley, Criteria for diagnosis of Candida vulvovaginitis in pregnant women, J Obstet Gynecol 1973:80:258–61.
  22. V. K. Hopsu-Havu, M. Gronroos, and R. Punnonen, Vaginal yeasts in parturients and infestation of the newborns, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1980:59:73–77; B. D. Reed, W. Huck, and P. Zazove, Differentiation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections of the vagina, J Fam Pract 1989:28:304–7.
  23. B. L. Powell, D. I. Druta, Estrogen receptor in Candida albicans: a possible explanation for hormonal influences in vaginal candidiasis, abstr. 751, 222. In: Program and abstracts of the 23rd Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, 1983; O. S. Kinsman, K. Pitblado, C. J. Coulson, Effect of mammalian steroid hormones and luteinizing hormone on the germination of Candida albicans and implication for vaginal candidiasis, Mycoses 1988:31:617–26.
  24. F. Davidson, J. K. Oates, The pill does not cause "thrush," Brit J Obstet Gynaecol 1985:90:374–81; Foxman, The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
  25. A. M. Geiger, B. Foxman, Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a case-control study among university students, Epidemiology 1996:7(2):182–87; A. Spinillo, F. Capuzzo, S. Nicola, et al., The impact of oral contraception on vulvovaginal candidiasis, Contraception 1995:51:293–97.
  26. B. D. Reed, Risk factors for candida vulvovaginitis, Obstet Gynecol Survey 1992:47(8):551–60.
  27. J. D. Sobel, A comprehensive strategy for managing recurrent VVC, ObG Management 1998 Aug (suppl):15.
  28. W. Chaim, B. Foxman, J. D. Sobel, Association of recurrent vaginal candidiasis and secretory Abo and Lewis phenotype, J Infect Dis 1997:76:828–36.
  29. I. W. Fong, P. McCleary, Cellular immunity of patients with recurrent or refractory vulvovaginal moniliasis, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992:166:887.
  30. S. S. Witkin, J. Hirsch, W. J. Ledger, A macrophage defect in women with recurrent Candida vaginitis and its correction in vitro by prostaglandin inhibitors, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983:155:790.
  31. S. S. Witkin, A. Kalo-Kelin, L. Galland, et al., Effect of Candida albicans plus histamine on prostaglandin E2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy women and women with recurrent candidal vaginitis, J Infect Dis 1991:164:396.
  32. M. Crandall, Allergic predisposition in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, J Adv Med 1991:4(1):21.
  33. N. Rosedale, K. Browne, Hyposensitisation in the management of recurring vaginal candidiasis, Ann Allergy 1979:43:250; D. Rigg, M. M. Miller, W. J. Metzger, Recurrent allergic vulvovaginitis: treatment with Candida albicans allergen immunotherapy, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990:162:332.
  34. S. L. Hillier, address sponsored by 3M Pharmaceuticals, April 24, 2001, Boston.
  35. R. Chaponis, P. Bresnick, R. Weiss, et al., Candida vaginitis: signs and symptoms aid women's self-recognition, J Clin Res Drug Dev 1993:7:17–23.
  36. P. Nyirjesy, M. V. Weitz, M. H. Grody, et al., Over-the-counter and alternative medicines in the treatment of chronic vaginal symptoms, Obstet Gynecol 1997:90(1):50–53.
  37. D. G. Ferris, C. Dekle, M. S. Litaker, Women's use of over-the-counter antifungal medications for gynecologic symptoms, J Fam Pract 1996:42(6):595–600.
  38. M. I. O'Conner, J. D. Sobel, Epidemiology of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: identification and strain differentiation of Candida albicans, J Infect Dis 1986:154:358–63.
  39. Sobel, A comprehensive strategy for managing recurrent VVC.
  40. Ibid.
  41. R. Javanovic, E. Congema, H. T. Nguyen, Antifungal agents vs. boric acid for treating chronic mycotic vulvovaginitis, J Repro Med 1991:36(8):593.
  42. M. C. Maberry, Vulvovaginitis, in Conn's Current Therapy, R. E. Rakel, ed. (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1991).
  43. K. K. Van Slyke, V. P. Michel, M. F. Rein, Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with boric acid powder, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981:141:145.
  44. D. Rigg, M. M. Miller, W. J. Metzger, Recurrent allergic vulvovaginitis: treatment with Candida albicans allergen immunotherapy, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990:162:332.
  45. S. Vilupillai, R. N. Thin, Treatment of vulvovaginal yeast infection with Nystatin, Practitioner 1977:219:897–901.



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